The entire country has high hopes for the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) moon mission, Chandrayaan 3. It was Launched at 2:35 p.m. on Friday, July 14, 2023, from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. Scientists are currently undertaking a variety of work on their part to ensure the accomplishment of Chandrayaan. The key focus of the Chandrayaan-3 mission is the soft landing on the Moon's surface on August 23, around 6:04 p.m. 

Let us try to understand why this date was chosen for the landing of Chandrayaan 3 from a scientific point of view.

Scientific view

The scientific accomplishment of space missions depends on meticulous preparation, technical perfection, and strict operation. ISRO engineers and scientists worked tirelessly to ensure the mission design's stability, the spacecraft's durability, and the correctness of the scientific equipment onboard. They stuck to strict protocols, ran complex simulations, and analyzed massive volumes of data in order to maximize the mission's chance of success.

Scientific developments regarding space exploration have made it possible to organize and carry out missions more methodically and evidence-based. Previous missions' combined knowledge and experience prepared the basis for increased mission success rates. The factors emphasize practical data, reproducible tests, and evidence-based decision-making.

Scientists are looking forward to Chandrayaan-3's landing on August 23. Let us understand why?

Why landing on August 23?

Mr. Somnath (Chairman of ISRO) stated that if the launch occurs as planned on July 14, the landing on the moon's surface would occur in the closing week of August.

"If the launch occurs on that date, we should be able to land on the moon by the end of August." The landing date is determined when the sun rises on the moon. There must be sunlight when we land. So the landing will take place on the moon around 6:04 p.m. on August 23, 2023, according to Mr. Somnath.

Mr. Somnath stated that if the attempt to land fails to take place as scheduled on August 23, ISRO will wait another month and attempt another landing in September.

"The lander and rover will remain on the moon's surface for fourteen days till sunlight returns." If there isn't any sunlight, a small solar panel on the rover will generate enough power to charge its batteries for the following 14 days until sunlight returns. The temperature there drops to minus 40 degrees, and there is no assurance that the batteries and electronics would live in such conditions, but we did a few tests, and we have a belief that it will continue functioning even in such tough conditions," Mr. Somnath added.

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Astrological View on Launch

Chandrayaan-3 was launched at 2:35 p.m. on July 14, 2023. The Moon's zodiac sign was high at this time. As a result, the outcomes were favorable because of the timing. Because the Moon was not aspected or intersected by any malevolent planet, the launch of Chandrayaan-3 was a success.

Astrological View on Landing

Mr. Somnath (Chairman of ISRO) stated that the landing will occur on August 23, 2023, around 6:04 p.m. According to astrology, the landing will be smooth and successful if the Chandrayaan 3 connects with the moon's surface in the morning hours of August 23 due to sunlight, because this time will be auspicious and hopefully no obstacle will be able to stop the landing. One more reason for August 23 to be auspicious is Tulsi Jayanti.

ISROS’s 3rd Moon Mission

This is the third moon mission by ISRO. When ISRO detected water molecules on the Moon's surface in 2008, Chandrayaan-1 was a successful mission. Following that, in September 2019, Chandrayaan-2 collapsed in the final seconds of its landing on the Moon's surface. The collapse of Chandrayaan also disappointed the scientists involved in the mission. Chandrayaan-3 has been updated at several levels only after examining the causes behind the failure of Chandrayaan-2. So the mission's success can be secured this time.

ISRO head S. Somnath also prayed for the success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission at the Chengalamma Parameswarini temple, and this circumstance has also been a witness to the wonderful union of science and faith towards its achievement.

Aims of Chandrayaan 3

The mission's goal is to learn more about the Moon's structure. The mission's three main goals are:-

•  To demonstrate a secure and soft landing on the moon's surface.
•  To demonstrate the rover's traveling capacities on the moon.
•  And to perform in-situ scientific investigations.

According to ISRO, The Chandra Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) of the mission will monitor thermal conductivity and temperature, while the instrument used for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) will measure seismicity near the landing site. The Langmuir Probe (LP) will evaluate plasma density and fluctuations, and a NASA passive Laser Retroreflector Array will be used for lunar laser range research.

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Conclusion

The Chandrayaan-3 mission aims to advance technological and scientific knowledge and maintain India's interest in space exploration. Because earlier Moon missions landed at lower latitudes, if this mission succeeds, it will be the first to land close to the South Pole. 

Scientific accuracy and technical expertise are significantly more important in determining space mission success. They are going to assess Chandrayaan 3 according to its scientific accomplishments, data collected, and knowledge contributed to the area of moon exploration.